Why 44,100? The Accidental Physics of the CD Sampling Rate

The CD sampling rate is not a round number chosen by committee. It is the direct output of 1970s NTSC and PAL video engineering — and both standards, designed on different continents, converge on exactly the same number.

5 August 2024 · 14 min · Sebastian Spicker

How Cats Drink: Inertia, Gravity, and the Froude Number at the Tip of a Tongue

Cats do not scoop water with their tongues — they exploit a delicate balance between inertia and gravity at the air-water interface. The tip of the tongue just touches the surface; rapid withdrawal pulls a fluid column upward; the jaw closes at exactly the moment the column peaks. Reis, Jung, Aristoff, and Stocker (Science, 2010) showed that the lapping frequency of all felids — from domestic cats to lions — is tuned so that the Froude number at the tongue tip is approximately unity.

22 July 2024 · 9 min · Sebastian Spicker

Are Cats Liquid? The Deborah Number and the Rheology of Cats

Marc-Antoine Fardin won the 2017 Ig Nobel Prize in Physics for proving, rigorously, that cats are liquid. The argument rests on the Deborah number De = τ/T: if the material’s relaxation time τ is shorter than the observation time T, the material behaves as a fluid. A cat filling a sink (De ≈ 0.008) is a liquid. A cat bouncing off a table (De ≫ 1) is a solid. The classification is not a joke — it is standard rheology, applied to an unusual substrate.

3 April 2024 · 10 min · Sebastian Spicker

When Musicians Lock In: Coupled Oscillators and the Physics of Ensemble Synchronisation

Every ensemble faces the same physical problem: N oscillators with slightly different natural frequencies trying to synchronise through a shared coupling channel. The Kuramoto model — developed by a statistical physicist to describe fireflies, neurons, and power grids — applies directly to musicians. It predicts a phase transition between incoherence and synchrony, quantifies why latency destroys networked ensemble performance, and connects to recent EEG studies of inter-brain synchronisation.

8 February 2024 · 11 min · Sebastian Spicker

LK-99: Six Weeks That Showed How Physics Works

On July 22, 2023, a Korean preprint claimed that LK-99 — a copper-doped lead apatite — was a room-temperature, ambient-pressure superconductor. Within six weeks, the claim was definitively falsified. The episode is more interesting for what it revealed about the sociology of science than for the compound itself: how a global community self-corrected at extraordinary speed, and how the media managed to fail at conveying uncertainty despite watching it happen in real time.

9 October 2023 · 18 min · Sebastian Spicker

Zero Angular Momentum: The Falling Cat and the Geometry of Shape Space

A cat dropped upside-down rotates 180° and lands on its feet, despite having zero angular momentum throughout. This is not a trick and not a violation of physics. The explanation took physicists from 1894 to 1993 to fully work out, and the answer — a geometric phase arising from the holonomy of a fiber bundle — is the same mathematics that governs the Berry phase in quantum mechanics and the Aharonov-Bohm effect in electrodynamics. We adopted two strays this year. They fall beautifully.

3 October 2023 · 13 min · Sebastian Spicker