Latency

The Kuramoto model explains how heterogeneous phase oscillators can develop collective synchrony. It is a useful analogy for ensemble timing, applause, and delayed feedback, but it does not by itself predict a universal networked- music latency limit or prove neural coupling between musicians.

We measured end-to-end audio and video latency for LoLa and MVTP across six European research-network links. One-way audio latency ranged from 7.5 to 22.5 ms in these deployments. Route topology and endpoint processing made air distance alone a poor predictor; one firewall comparison found higher loss and buffer instability.