Star Polygons and Drum Machines

The {7/2} heptagram is not only a symbol. It is a traversal algorithm over seven beat positions. Because 7 is prime, that traversal never gets trapped in a sub-orbit.

7 July 2025 · 8 min · Sebastian Spicker

The Impossible Heptagon

A regular heptagon is not constructible by classical compass and straightedge. That theorem can illuminate seven-fold imagery, but it does not document Danny Carey’s compositional or symbolic intent.

15 January 2024 · 7 min · Sebastian Spicker

Twelve Is Not an Accident: The Group Theory of Musical Tuning

Why has twelve-tone equal temperament become so useful? Continued fractions explain its unusually good fifth; cyclic-group structure explains some pitch-class symmetries. Neither fact makes it the only musical possibility.

15 December 2023 · 17 min · Sebastian Spicker

Non-Commutative Pre-Schoolers

Socks before shoes is a useful analogy for order-dependent operations. It does not explain quantum uncertainty, and infant sequence memory is not evidence of group-theoretic understanding. The shared structure is narrower: changing operation order can change, or prevent, the result.

13 November 2023 · 5 min · Sebastian Spicker

The Charm of Impossibilities: Group Theory and Messiaen's Modes of Limited Transposition

Messiaen’s seven modes of limited transposition cannot be fully transposed through all twelve keys — not by convention, but because of group theory. The modes are pitch-class sets whose stabiliser subgroups in ℤ₁₂ are non-trivial. The orbit–stabiliser theorem gives the exact count of distinct transpositions for each mode. The subgroup lattice constrains the possible symmetry types; it does not select Messiaen’s seven scales.

19 April 2023 · 11 min · Sebastian Spicker